In the process of learning, A good teacher must be able Master the content (learning materials/materials subject) and mastering the science of teaching (pedagogy). Content is knowledge Science that should be mastered by the teacher Including facts, concepts, principles, laws, and theory. Each pedagogic approach is described succinctly so you can quickly understand how the technique might be relevant to your teaching.
Teaching methods
Based on observation, teaching methods in class used lecture by teacher and discussion methods.
Lecture by teacher
A lecture is an oral presentation of information by the instructor. It is the method of relaying factual information which includes principles, concepts, ideas and all theoretical knowledge about a given topic. In a lecture the instructor tells, explains, describes or relates whatever information the trainees are required to learn through listening and understanding. It is therefore teacher-centred. The instructor is very active, doing all the talking. The teacher explained about the topic and give question for students. So, Student can be participate in class. The advantages used lecture methods is saves time and permits flexibilty.
Question and Answer
Metode question and answer merupakan suatu metode dimana guru bertanya kepada siswa tentang materi yang diajarkan hari itu dan siswa menjawab pertanyaan dari guru tanpa membuka buku.
Metode ini digunakan untuk merangsang otak siswa dalam menggali pengetahuan mereka tanpa diberi tahu oleh guru. dan membiasakan siswa membaca buku terlebih dahulu sebelum masuk kelas.
Learning materials and innovation
Until 1987, the government directly managed and supervised the production and distribution of textbooks and manuals through the Instructional Materials Development Council (IMDC). However, this responsibility was transferred to private publishers with the passage of the Book Publishing Industry Development Act (RA 8047). This Act also provided for the adoption of multiple rather than single textbooks. Currently, learning materials and textbooks developed by the private sector are submitted for evaluation to the Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (IMCS)—an agency attached to DECS. Approved textbooks are listed in a catalogue from which school-teachers and principals select those that are to be purchased for their respective schools.
Other teaching/learning support materials available in the schools include guides or manuals, teacher support/, workbooks for students, apparatus for science and technology, and home economics, video and cassette tapes, educational computer software, charts, maps and models. All of these must also be submitted for evaluation at the national level before they can be released for purchased for school level use. Based on observation, the teacher used learning materials in the lesson is books, videos, puzzles. In the first lesson, the teacher give motivation acitivity. Motivation activity can become innovation in this lesson.
Authentic assessment
In the end of every subject there are evaluation about the topic. Authentic assessment all subject tests focus on a students’ analytical skills and the ability to integrate what they have learned along with creativity with written and oral skills. Six ways to use authentic assessment math in the classroom based on my observation are performance assessment, short investigations, open-response questions, self-assessment, multiple-cjoice questions, and portofolios. And sometimes teacher gave assignment to students for better understood.
Assessment get from participate when teacher explain and ask, group activity and quiz in the last lesson. Teacher would give plus point to students who active in class, cooperative in group activity. And teacher assessment from result quiz that given them.
Teaching plan
Teaching plan or lesson plan is a detailed guide for teaching a lesson. It's a step-by-step guide that outlines the teacher's objectives for what the students will accomplish that day. Creating a lesson plan involves setting-goals, developing activities, and determining the materials that will be used.
Curriculum
PSU Integrated School use K to 12 Curriculum. The K to 12 for Science Curriculumis learner-centered and Inquiry-Based, emphasizing the use of evidence in constructing explenations. Concepst and skill in Life Science, Physics, Chemist, Biology and Erath Science are presented with increasing number of complexity from one grade level to another inspiral progressio, thus paving the way to a deeper understandingof one concepts. The integration accross science topics and other diciplines will lead to a meaningful understanding of concepts and its aplication to real life situation.
This curiculum is designed arpund three domains of learning science : understanding andapplying scientific knowledge in local setting as well as global context whenever possible; performing scientific proccess and skill; and developing and demonstrating scientific attitudes and value.
Teaching Practice
Procedures of teaching
For teaching practice, I prepared two kinds of lesson plan. I made Thailand format and Philippine format.But I used only Philippine format. I taught 7 periods. I got a lot of suggestions and corrections. Over all, there were three main parts of teaching procedures, PreDevelopmental Activities, Developmental Activities and Post Developmental Activities. Pre Developmental. Pre developmental Activities consists of pray, checking attendance, recall and motivation. Developmental Activities consists of topics to be discusses and guide questions for deliver the materials. This part explain how the teachers deliver the materials in the class. Post Developmental Activities consists of generalization and evaluation. Generalization is the part of the lesson for the teachers to review what they have been discussed in that meeting. Evaluation is the part of the lesson to check the understand of the students to the topic that they have learnt. But the students answer in this part will be not used in grading.
Time management and organizing activities
Time management in Philippines format was not too hard to be adopted. The main point I got was we had to give a lot time in teaching for discussion and students activities. Although we gave them some activities for the motivation, we should not spend much time. In Philippines, they used to make the students activities. This was also the challenge for me to crest the students activities in the class. It depends on the teachers creativity.
Problem-solving
The biggest problem I met on this program was about language. I had to worked hard to explain the materials and concepts using English. It was a big challenge for me. I also realized that although the teachers here also using English when they were teaching, not all he students can use English well. For example to science major. It because the materials was so complex, sometimes the students can’t understand it. Exactly they were not 100 % using English.the teachers also used Filipino when teaching. They used the easier way to explain the concepts to the students. I faced that challenge by learnt more about the materials using English. I also practiced the materials that I would teach next day with my friends in the dormitories. It was so helpful for me to faced this problem. I also communicated to my mentor and supervisor instructor to give some advice before teaching in the class.
Classroom management
I learnt so much experiences in Philippines. Here they use sit plan to the students. Every class had different sit plan. It depends on the class. Start from observation and teaching assistance, I got the experiences in classroom management. The teacher should also had the available voice so it would be helpful in classroom management. Especially in group activity, we had to be clear give the direction. How we divided into some groups and also explain how the technical of their activity should do.
February,5 2018
On 5th February, this week started with shorten schedule due to students had to prepare dancing for showing at flag ceremony on this morning. They look like love dancing because they could do it so well. So this week I can't had time to prepare the lesson plan because i will be to make 9 lesson plan. But i can do it.
Than time to teaching was arrive. I taught 1 classes about human heart system. I think I taught not good enough at first time but I feel relaxed when I taught the second class.
Teaching plan
Topic : Parts of the heart
1. Objectives : -Identify the different parts and function of human heart;
-Locate the different parts of the heart;
-Explain on how blood circulation of human heart and the function of the blood within the circulatory system;
-Trace the path of a blood cell through the cardiovascular system;
a. Materials/ Tools : Pictures of the anatomy of human heart, work text, video of the blood circulation in the heart.
b. Reference: Myrna Q. Adduru, Nicetas G. Science VI, pp 74-90 Valencia REX Book Store. Manila Cyber.
c. Teaching Methode : Lecture, Asking and Answer
d. Value Intergration : Cooperation, Tolerance, and Team work
2. a. Preliminary Activities
- Review
- Motivation
b. Main Activity
- Lesson Proper
- Generalization
c. Closing
- Application
3.Evaluation 4.Assignment
Teacher’s Activity
A. Preliminary Activity
-Good morning class, Did you eat your breakfast?
-Okay, so how are you feeling?
-Before we are study, fix your clothes first, fix your hair, and sit properly.
- Checking of attendance.
1)Review
-What have you learned in our previous lesson?
-What organ is found in your chest?
-Very good! What do you know about the heart?
-Right! What else?
2) Motivation
-Okay, Very good! Let us know your heart better by observing your heart.
-Open your books on page 75 and we will find out how does your heart respond to exercise. Are you ready?
(Read the procedure one by one and let the student perform the procedure till number 4 only)
-What happens to your heartbeat ; after you perform some exercises?
-Why does your heart beats faster ; when you are doing some strenuous work than you are resting?
-Okay ! very good!
(let them do the procedure number 5)
3. Lesson Proper
-Do you know that the food nutrient and the oxygen are transported in your body is through circulatory system? And the major organ of the circulatory system in the heart. In this lesson you will learn the part of the heart.
-Have you ever seen a human heart? ;The teacher will show some picture of the anatomy of the human heart.
-Where is your heart?
- In what side of your chest can you feel your heartbeat?
-Can you feel your heartbeat?
-In what side of your chest can you feel your heartbeat?
-Excellent! Put your hands on the left side of your chest and feel your heart.
-So, let us study more about the heart and its parts.
(one of the pupils will read the text)
Thank you! What is the Heart then?
Yes! very good what else class?
-What is that very strong muscle cells then?
Some student, please read the part about the cardiac muscles cells.
Thank you student! Cardiac muscles cells are enclosed by pericardium.
-What is pericardium?
-Very good, pericardium is the membranous sac enclosing the heart.
-Based on what you read heart has chambers right?
-What are those chambers? Anyone?
-Very good! Upper chamber is composed of?
-That’s right! How about the lower chamber?
-Okay! Very good now, let us find out what are the functions of these chambers.
-In the upper chamber we have left and right auricles, what is the auricle means?
-Very good, how about the ventricles?
-That’s right, you all know the functions of the four chambers now, let us find out how these chambers help to flow the oxygen-rich blood. First, we need to study how the blood flows at the right side of the heart.
(the pupils will watch the video of the circulation of the blood)
-Some student, blood enters the heart through the vena cava.
-Why would the blood enters the heart through the vena cava?
-After the blood entered the vena cava where do you think the blood will go next?
-Very good, the blood will flow into the right atrium. And it flows into? What part of the heart?
-Excellent! What makes the blood flow into the right ventricle?
-Very good! and then the blood will leaves the heart through? what part of the heart?
-Very good! Where do you think the blood will flow after leaving the heart?
-Excellent! Now, let us learn how the blood flows at the left side of the heart.
-Where do you think the first flow of the blood?
-Very good! After the blood entered to the pulmonary veins, the blood will flow to? what part of the heart?
-Right! The blood will flow to the left atrium and then it will go to the left ventricle through?
-What part of the heart?
-And then what comes next?
-And then after leaving the heart, the blood will flow to?
-Very good! Class.
5) Generalization
-What did you learn for today?
-How many chambers of the human heart?
-What are these four chambers of the heart?
-Very good! Class.
6) Evaluation
Direction:
-Label the parts of the heart. Write your answer on the blood.
7) Assignment
-Read page 81 (Blood vessels) and define the following.
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
February,6 2018
The second time to teaching. I taught 1 classes in grade 4 . I think I taught good enough at second time but I feel relaxed when I taught the next class tomorrow.
February,7 2018
The Third time to teaching. I taught 2 classes in grade 4 and 6 .
February,8 2018
It was my fourth time to visit Class grade 6. During this period, I assigned them to do and present their group work in front of the class. And many student can be enjoy the classes.
February,9 2018
Finally, time to teaching was arrive. On 9th February, I taught 2 classes about mathematics and science .
February,10-11 2018
After class teaching , we did not do activities at school but we spent time for take a rest all day. Now! Saturday and Sunday is the awaited day. So Mr. Arman took us to the beach this afternoon. There is pater white beach, Bolinao. the most beautiful beach in pangasinan city.
